School of Allied Health Sciences

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This community contains the ePrints and eTheses of the School of Allied Health Sciences‘ staff and students

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An 86-Year-Old Male with Metastasized Cancer Treated with External Beam Radiation Therapy: A Case Report from Zimbabwe
(Medical Journal of Zambia, 2023-08) Mushosho, Eucaria; Motsi, Gracious; Musiwarwo, Fadzai; Chinene, Bornface
Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy diagnosed in men and the second most common cause of cancer deaths in men. Incidence increases drastically after the age of 50, however, it is more common in males above the age of 65. Prostatic cancer is asymptomatic in its early stages, i.e., when it is still localized, hence most patients present with late-stage cancers. Patients with late-stage prostate cancer usually present with urethral obstruction, nocturia, narrow stream, and they rarely present with pain or stiffness caused by bony metastases. The common treatment for late-stage prostate cancer is hormonal therapy. We herein present a case of an 86-year-old male who presented with metastasized prostate cancer. The cancer had metastasized to the head of the femur and there was bone fracture in the neck of the femur as well. The patient received external beam radiotherapy as palliative treatment due to the limited resources in Zimbabwe. The patient did not come for follow up review and hence it was not possible to conclude whether the external beam treatment was an effective palliative treatment. The learning points in this case are as follows: stage at presentation of man with cancer of the prostate in comparison with what literature say, management done in comparison to the recommended management guidelines, follow up strategies to minimize patients absconding follow up reviews and how loss of follow up to patients treated affect future evidence-based management of patients.
Advanced Imaging In Radiotherary
(HIT, 2019-05-12) HIT
Analytical Chemistry
(HIT, 2021-02-23) HIT
Analytical Chemistry
(HIT, 2023-11-23) HIT
A Class Solution to Hypo-Fractionated Radiotherapy in High-Risk Localised Prostate Cancer Using 3-D CRT: A Case Study for Parirenyatwa Radiotherapy Centre
(ResearchGate, 2023-09-02) Matika, Waneta; Chinene, Bornface; Mutandiro, Lavin; Nyawani, Paridzai; Mutanga, Natsai V.; Mushosho, Eucaria
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the fourth most common cancer in men worldwide. In Zimbabwe, it is the most prevalent cancer among men leading to high mortality and morbidity. At present, radiation therapy is restricted to external beam as there are no facilities that offer prostatic brachytherapy in the country. Conventional fractionation radiotherapy, where total doses of 78Gy are given in 39 fractions at 2Gy/fraction, five days per week, has been the treatment of choice for patients with localised disease. This regimen has been associated with problems such as long waiting periods as well as increased mortality and morbidity due to undoubtedly long treatment periods. Hypo-fractionation has been associated with better tumour control while offering convenience to patients. This option also increases community accessibility, especially for resource-constrained nations like Zimbabwe with only two public institutions offering radiotherapy. However, hypo-fractionation comes with the demand for greater conformity during treatment planning in order to reduce radiotherapy complications. The aim of the study was to come up with the most appropriate treatment plan that can be adopted when dose escalation is considered in high-risk localised PCa using 3-Dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy (3-D CRT). A quantitative retrospective observational study was done in a sample of ten (n=10) patients with localised high-risk prostate cancer T2b-T4N1M0. Previously acquired pelvic computed tomography (CT) images of patients treated at Parirenyatwa Group of Hospitals Radiotherapy and Oncology Department were used. Nine (9) treatment plans were generated for each patient with different selected gantry angles from a minimum of five fields to a maximum of nine fields. The plans were analysed quantitatively by using cumulative dose volume histograms (DVHs); and qualitatively through slice-by-slice view of the volume. The research revealed that the three best treatment plans that provided good planning target volume (PTV) coverage, organs at risk (OAR) sparing and were considered clinically feasible were, in order of priority, plan 3 (direct anterior, 2 laterals and 2 posterior obliques); plan 8 (direct anterior, 2 laterals and 2 pairs of opposing obliques); and 150 Zimbabwe Journal of Health Sciences (ZJHS), Volume 3, Issue 1, September 2023 ISSN: 2791-0148 plan 6 (2 laterals, 2 anterior obliques and 2 posterior obliques). With the employment of the three treatment planning techniques, hypo-fractionation in prostate radiotherapy is a possibility. It was recommended that the findings of the study be used in research studies of biological models to approximate the therapeutic index of hypo-fractionated radiotherapy (HFRT) of PCa on the Zimbabwean population
Clinical Anatomy For Dosimetrist
(HIT, 2019-05-23) HIT
Computed Tomography (CT) Imaging Services in Zimbabwe: A Mini-review Study
(International Journal of Medical Reviews, 2023-09-06) Chinene, Bornface; Mutasa, Farai Elton; Bwanga, Osward
Access to healthcare technologies like computed tomography (CT) is essential for diagnosing and treating both non-communicable diseases and communicable diseases, especially in low-resource settings. Unfortunately, there is limited information available globally, and even less so in Zimbabwe, regarding local imaging resources. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to review the current state of CT services in Zimbabwe, to identify the opportunities and challenges presented. The review reveals that access to CT services in Zimbabwe is hindered by various factors. These include the high costs associated with purchasing and maintaining CT scanners, a shortage of certified manpower, a lack of postgraduate CT courses, inadequate information, and communication technologies (ICT) infrastructure, insufficient research, an inconsistent supply of consumables, and a lack of integrated support for CT services. To address these issues, a multifaceted approach will be necessary. This could involve investing in postgraduate training programs and recognizing the skills acquired by radiographers. Additionally, investing in equipment and ICT infrastructure will be crucial in supporting CT services. Providing ongoing education for radiographers and radiologists will help ensure a sufficient number of trained personnel. Establishing centers of reference, allocating funds for the purchase of new equipment, and maintaining existing CT equipment can significantly improve the availability of these services
Dosimetry Physics And Radiiobiology
(HIT, 2018-05-04) HIT
Experiences of Radiographers during the Covid-19 Pandemic the COVID19 Pandemic at Two Hospitals in Harare, Zimbabwe
(2023-09-01) Chinene, Bornface; Ngoma, Joyce; Mutanga, Natsai Vanessa; Nyawani, Paridzai
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the working patterns and professional practice of radiographers were altered significantly. The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of radiographers during the COVID-19 pandemic at two hospitals in Harare, Zimbabwe. A qualitative phenomenological study involving radiographers in the diagnostic imaging departments of Zimbabwe’s major referral hospital and a private hospital was conducted between mid-March to mid-April 2022. In-depth interviews were used as a method of data collection. The interview data was entered in Nvivo 12 (QSR International) and analysed using Giorgi’s structured method of analysing phenomenological data. Four themes emerged from the data, which are adherence to strict measures, change in working patterns, feelings and emotions, and adaptation. Radiographers experienced changes in working patterns as well as the implementation of stringent infection control measures and regulations. It was revealed that radiographers needed to adapt quickly to the constantly changing new ways of working including organisation of workload. Local pandemic response strategies must be developed from standard protocols in readiness for safe practice during emergencies.
General Physics 1
(HIT, 2024-11-14) HIT
Introduction to Pharmacy
(HIT, 2022-11-24) HIT
Method development and validation for the estimation of carboplatin in pharmaceutical pure and dosage form using UV-Vis method
(International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Science, 2018-03-27) Ndwabe, Hamunyare; Sonia, Manikandan,K K
High incidences and cancer cases in the world for the past decade have resulted in the need to conduct extensive research on the cancer medications. Carboplatin is a platinum compound used mainly in the treatment of lung, head and neck, as well as many other cancers. No method has been reportedly done and developed for the routine analysis of carboplatin using UV-Vis. Many have reported HPLC and Mass spectroscopy. A method was developed and validated for the analysis of carboplatin in the standard and injection form. 10mg of the carboplatin standard was transferred into a 10ml volumetric flask, and diluted up to the mark using 0.1M NaOH. The solution was further diluted to a 1µg/ml solution and scanned using UV-Vis. The ʎ-max was found to be 295nm. A calibration curve was plotted and at 2-10µg/ml Beer’s law was obeyed. The Linear equation was y=0.0564x+0.0057. The r2 value was 0.9996, which was within acceptable limits. Precision using inter-day and intra-day precision were done yielding %RSD values of 0.734 and 0.504 respectively, which were acceptable according to ICH guidelines (≤2). A method was therefore successfully developed and validated for routine use in the analysis of Carboplatin in the standard and parenteral dosage form.
A model to enhance breast cancer screening among rural women aged 40–75 years in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA): A scoping review
(Elsevier, 2023-12-29) Mushosho, Eucaria Yemukayi; Muziringa, Masimba Clyde; Radebe, Mbuyiselwa; Nkos, Pauline Busisiwe
Muskuloskeletal Ultrasound MCQ
(HIT, 2019-05-03) HIT
Obstetrics and gynaecology
(HIT, 2019-05-01) HIT
Organic Chemistry
(HIT, 2024-11-24) HIT
Paediatric Ultrasound
(HIT, 2019-05-03) HIT
Promoting sustainability activities in clinical radiography practice and education in resource-limited countries: A discussion paper
(Elsevier limited, 2024-06-20) Ohene-Botwe, B; Amedu, C; Antwi, W.K.; Abdul-Razak, W; Kyei, K.A.; Arkoh, S; Mudadi, S; Mushosho, E.Y.; Bwanga, O; Chinene, B; Nyawani, P; Mutandiro, L.C.; Piersson, A.D.
Urgent global action is required to combat climate change, with radiographers poised to play a significant role in reducing healthcare's environmental impact. This paper explores radiography-related activities and factors in resource-limited departments contributing to the carbon footprint and proposes strategies for mitigation. The rationale is to discuss the literature regarding these contributing factors and to raise awareness about how to promote sustainability activities in clinical radiography practice and education in resource-limited countries.
A qualitative exploration of sonographers’ views toward transvaginal ultrasound in Zimbabwe: A barriers and solutions approach
(Elsevier Inc, 2025-02-05) Chinene, Bornface; Matika, W; Mushosho, E.Y; Mutandiro, L.C.
Introduction: Given the increasing reliance on pelvic imaging and the superior diagnostic quality of transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS), the British Medical Ultrasound Society emphasizes that all eligible patients should be offered this procedure to ensure the highest standard of care. However, in Zimbabwe, anecdotal evidence indicates a reluctance among sonographers to offer it to patients. This study aimed to understand sonographers' views on the barriers to adopting TVUS and to identify potential solutions. Methods: This study employed a qualitative exploratory design using semi-structured interviews. Ten sonographers working in various healthcare institutions in Zimbabwe were recruited in this study. The interviews were transcribed and the qualitative data were managed in NVivo 13 and analyzed using thematic analysis based on the six steps outlined by Braun and Clarke. Results: The identified barriers to the adoption of TVUS included: i. Training and confidence ii. Patient and cultural-related factors iii. Resource constraints iv. Clinical Engagement v. Financial and Time Considerations. Proposed solutions encompassed 1. Training 2. Awareness 3. Invest in Equipment 4. Policy development. Conclusions: The study highlights Zimbabwe's challenges in adopting TVUS, including financial constraints, limited training, and cultural attitudes. To improve TVUS utilization, simulation-based training, increased awareness, and supportive legislation are needed, ultimately improving women's access to high-quality diagnostic care. Implications for practice: Addressing the identified barriers to TVUS adoption through targeted training, increased awareness, investment in resources, and supportive policies are essential for enhancing women's access to timely and effective diagnostic care.
Radiology and Introduction to Radiation Oncology
(HIT, 2024-11-14) HIT