A qualitative exploration of sonographers’ views toward transvaginal ultrasound in Zimbabwe: A barriers and solutions approach

Abstract

Introduction: Given the increasing reliance on pelvic imaging and the superior diagnostic quality of transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS), the British Medical Ultrasound Society emphasizes that all eligible patients should be offered this procedure to ensure the highest standard of care. However, in Zimbabwe, anecdotal evidence indicates a reluctance among sonographers to offer it to patients. This study aimed to understand sonographers' views on the barriers to adopting TVUS and to identify potential solutions. Methods: This study employed a qualitative exploratory design using semi-structured interviews. Ten sonographers working in various healthcare institutions in Zimbabwe were recruited in this study. The interviews were transcribed and the qualitative data were managed in NVivo 13 and analyzed using thematic analysis based on the six steps outlined by Braun and Clarke. Results: The identified barriers to the adoption of TVUS included: i. Training and confidence ii. Patient and cultural-related factors iii. Resource constraints iv. Clinical Engagement v. Financial and Time Considerations. Proposed solutions encompassed 1. Training 2. Awareness 3. Invest in Equipment 4. Policy development. Conclusions: The study highlights Zimbabwe's challenges in adopting TVUS, including financial constraints, limited training, and cultural attitudes. To improve TVUS utilization, simulation-based training, increased awareness, and supportive legislation are needed, ultimately improving women's access to high-quality diagnostic care. Implications for practice: Addressing the identified barriers to TVUS adoption through targeted training, increased awareness, investment in resources, and supportive policies are essential for enhancing women's access to timely and effective diagnostic care.