Department of Electronic Commerce

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An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of E-banking Security Strategies in Zimbabwe: A Case Study of Zimbabwean Commercial Banks
(Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce (JIBC), 2012-12) Zimucha, Tafadzwa; Zanamwe, Ngonidzashe; Chimwayi, Kerina Blessmore; Chakwizira, Elijah; Mapungwana, Petronella; Maduku, Tinovimbanashe
he introduction of e-banking has often been believed to be inhibited by security threats among other issues. Few studies have evaluated the effectiveness of e-banking security strategies in spite of its apparent impact on adoption of e-banking. This research evaluated the effectiveness of e-banking security strategies in Zimbabwe. The adoption of e-banking by commercial banks increases security risks, potentially exposing their isolated systems to open and risky environments. The increasing popularity of e-banking has attracted the attention of both legitimate and illegitimate banking practices, thereby, exposing customers to criminal activities, fraud, thefts and various other threats of similar nature. Thus, it is imperative to deliver a secure e-banking system to avoid the risk of negative effects which include clients accounts being tampered with, phishing or identity theft. In order to achieve our broad aim, a representative sample of 31 participants from 15 commercial banks completed questionnaires which were analysed using SPSS. From the analysis, it was found out that the majority of banks are using between four and five e-banking security strategies. The strategies included passwords, firewalls, encryption, virtual keyboards, pins and access codes and secure socket layers. It was therefore concluded that Zimbabwean banks are effective in offering secure e-banking services.
E-learning Adoption by Lecturers in Selected Zimbabwe State Universities: An Application of Technology Acceptance Model
(Journal of Business Administration and Education, 2014-01-01) Mbengo, Pinigas
The Technology Acceptance Model has widely been used in various studies in understanding information systems. However, this has been used intensively in developed economies with little application in developing economies like Zimbabwe. The rapid diffusion of the Internet has generated a rejuvenated interest and motivation in the role of new information and communication technologies in higher education and learning in Zimbabwe. The major purpose of the study was to explore the attitude of Zimbabwean lecturers in universities towards e-learning systems by applying TAM. Five hypotheses were developed basing on this model. The results indicated that significant relationships were recorded for perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, attitude and behavioural intention to use e-learning. However, the relationship between perceived usefulness was not supported. A path model was developed to analyse the relationships between the variables that explain the attitudes of lecturers towards acceptance of the e-learning system. This study was important in that it was able to gauge the preparedness of state university lecturers towards e-learning use and it also discussed the benefits and challenges of the system to university communities and their employees. The outcomes of e-learning will enhance the lecturers‘ appreciation of e-learning acceptance and will assist the Zimbabwean government decision makers in planning, evaluating and implementationof e-learning at various levels of learning establishments. Key words: Adoption, Attitude, E-learning, Lecturers, Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Zimbabwe State Universities
Internal Marketing Elements’ Influence on Employee Performance: A Case of Harare Institute of Technology in Zimbabwe
(Journal of Business Administration and Education, 2014-01-03) Mbengo, Pinigas; Chinakidzwa, More
A considerable number of organisations in the service industry are realising the significance of internal marketing as they address and respond to the changing environment in order to obtain competitive advantage. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the internal marketing mix elements vital for employee performance at Harare Institute of Technology. Most government institutions have remained rigid due to their bureaucratic structures and this has caused them to adopt slowly new techniques like internal marketing that foster innovation and productivity. In order to make a break through to this problem, most European state based institutions have marketised their operations. 106 questionnaires were distributed to both academic and non-academic staff. The relationships of the variables in the proposed model and the properties of the scale were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences. The findings of the study show that there existed strong relationships between training and innovation, empowerment and motivation. However, internal processes were not related at all to employee productivity. Based on the results, a considerable number of recommendations and suggestions were made.
Stock Liquidity and Returns: Evidence from the Zimbabwe Stock Exchange
(Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research In Business, 2014-07-01) Chikore, Runesu; Gachira, Walter; Nkomo, Dingilizwe; Chiwanza, Washington
This study extends the literature on the relationship between stock liquidity and returns by presenting evidence from the capital market of a developing economy. Using data from the Zimbabwe Stock Exchange, we apply a vector autoregression model in examining the impact of stock liquidity on returns over the period February 2009 to December 2012. The study employs four proxies as stock liquidity measures, namely; trading volume, turnover, relative bid-ask spread and relative spread. The analysis also applies Granger causality tests from the VAR models. We also enhance the robustness of the analysis by considering the impulse response functions and variance decompositions. Results from the study show that stock liquidity variation plays an important role in stock returns because investors tend to price liquidity premium in stocks. The main finding is that liquidity negatively affects stock returns for stocks listed on the ZSE.
Zimbabwe Stock Exchange (“ZSE”)’s Exposure to Global Crude Oil Price Volatility
(Zimbabwe Stock Exchange (“ZSE”)’s Exposure to Global Crude Oil Price Volatility, 2014-12-08) Chiwanza, Washington; Gachira, Walter; Nkomo, Dingilizwe; Chikore, Runesu
The major aim of this paper is to investigate Zimbabwe’s Stock Exchange indices’ exposure to global oil price volatility for the period 2009-2012.To determine the relationship between volatility of crude oil returns and volatility of stock returns of the ZSE indices using econometric GARCH models. Also to investigate the correlation of the global oil price in the form of Brent Crude oil prices index and Western Texas Intermediate (WTI) oil prices index with ZSE Industrial Index and the ZSE Mining index between 2009 and 2012. A GARCH approach is employed to analyse data from ZSE and Chicago Mercantile Exchange, OPEC and Datastream® Data. Daily data for crude oil prices and Zimbabwe stock exchange indices were collected for the period 2009-2012 and analysed. The variables of the Zimbabwe stock exchange are ZSE Industrial Index; and ZSE Mining index. Variables on Crude oil prices comprised of Western Texas Intermediate (“WTI”) spot prices index; and Brent Crude oil spot prices index. Returns of stock on all the four indices were calculated. It was assumed that returns on stocks would mirror stock price movements. Volatility of returns on ZSE industrial index was very low with standard deviations ranging between -.01 to +.01. Volatility of returns on the ZSE Mining index was significant relative to the industrial index with standard between-0.1 to -0.1. Volatility of stock returns on Brent Crude spot price index was very high with standard deviations ranging between -0.6 to +0.6, while stock returns on Western Texas Intermediate (“WTI”) spot prices index displayed high volatility, standard deviations ranged from - 0.1 to +0.1. Standard deviation indicates the level of dispersion from the the mean. GARCH coefficients indicated that the mean of stock returns as represented by were generally negative for the two domestic stock indices while the means of global oil stock returns were positive. Parameters ∝ and of the four indices were statistically significant. The coefficients of all the indices were highly significant ranging between 0.6300 to 0.9300 indicating that volatility was persistent in the period under investigation and that volatility was to a large extend driven by the prices and values of the previous time period (past performance).There was a positive correlation between industrial index and Brent crude with a correlation coefficient of 0.505 as well as a positive correlation between the ZSE Industrial index and the WTI oil price index with a coefficient of 0.520. There was a negative correlation coefficient of -0.332 between the Mining index and the global Brent crude oil prices as well as a negative correlation coefficient of -0.201 between Mining index and WTI Crude. The results of the study confirmed the hypothesis that the ZSE stock markets are indeed exposed to significant exogenous risks emanating from rising global crude oil price movements. There are however, moderating factors as the standard deviations on ZSE stock returns are much lower compared to standard deviations of stock returns on the global oil indices. Also the correlation coefficients are on the low side. Increases in crude oil prices have the potential to subdue any favourable factors to share price increases.
Zimbabwe commercials banks efficiency and productivity analysis through DEA Malmquist approach: 2002-2012
(Journal of Data Envelopment Analysis and Decision Science, 2015-01-30) Muvingi, Jacob; Hotera, Suggest
Majority of data envelopment analysis studies have been focused on developed economies and economies in Asia, and very few studies on developing economies particularly African economies. This research aims to determine bank efficiency and productivity change of Zimbabwean commercial banks. The DEA model was used to measure the efficiency of 10 commercial banks working in Zimbabwe. The intermediation approach was used to specify variables. The average scores of technical efficiency under the Constant Returns to Scale (CRS) and Variable Returns to Scale (VRS) assumptions for the commercial banking sector as a whole are 70.95% and 81.5% respectively. The average scale efficiency for commercial banks operating in Zimbabwe was found to be 73.7%.Through applying the Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI) method; it was found that the mean total factor productivity increase for Zimbabwean commercial banks from 2003 to 2012 is 13.8%. The results also showed that the total factor productivity index peaked in 2009 where it reached a value of 121.1% and reached the lowest point in 2005 were it went down to (-52%)
Online Video Promotion with User Specific Information
(nternational Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering, 2015-04-20) Varaprasad, A.Deva; .Subashini, N.J; Chifamba, Shepard
There are various ways and methods used in video recommendation which are purely statistical. These would give recommendations to users based on either their previous search or other criteria. These systems set up a large number of context collectors at the terminals. However, the context collecting and exchanging result in heavy network overhead, and the context processing consumes huge computation. Due to these criterion users end up getting unnecessary content which makes the browser slow. In this paper we propose a user specific category based promotion, we propose and provide for characterization of individual content as well as social attributes that help distinguish each user class. Thus a user defined video recommendation would ensure faster access to only important information which is in the user's domain of interest which utilises low buffer space and increase the speed of the system for user satisfaction
Modelling the Sensitivity of Zimbabwean Commercial Banks’ Non-performing Loans to Shocks in Macro-economic Variables and Micro-economic Variables: (2009-2014)
(World Journal of Operational Research, 2017-06-21) Muvingi, Jacob; Sauka, Kudzai; Chisunga, David; Chirume, Crispen
This paper used complementary panel data models that are fixed effect regression model and panel vector auto regression model. The study was motivated by the hypothesis that both macroeconomic and microeconomic variables have an effect on the loan quality. The first part of the research was to determine the specific macro and microeconomic variables that give rise to the non-performing loans (NPLs) using fixed effect regression model. The empirical findings of this study provide evidence that nonperforming loans depends on macro and micro economic variables, the trend analysis of Zimbabwean commercial banks’ shows an upward movement of over the period of study. The study found out that Gross domestic product (GDP), Inflation, loan deposit ratio and bank size had a statistical significant effect on the level of non-performing loans (NPLs). The second part was mainly to model the dynamic relationship of all the variables that were found to affect nonperforming loans (NPLs); this was done through impulse response analysis based on PANEL VAR model. One standard shock to credit growth will be greatly felt in the sixth year, whereas of size of the bank will have a great negative impulse in the seventh year
Acceptance of E-Resources by Students in Zimbabwe State Universities’ Libraries: A Consumer Behavior Perspective
(International Information & Library Review, 2017-11-29) Mbengo, Pinigas; Ruzande, Cleopas; Phiri, Maxwell. A
E-resources have a significant contribution toward students learning in universities, but their adoption has not reached its full potential in Zimbabwe. The major purpose of this study was to explore the acceptability of e-resources in Zimbabwe state universities’libraries by students. A survey study involving a sample of 233 respondents was done to measure the preparedness of undergraduate and postgraduate students to adopt e-resources. Structural equation modelling was used ascertain the results. Results from structural model revealed that performance expectancy and hedonic motivation had no statistically significant influence on behavioral intention to adopt e-resources while effort expectancy and facilitating conditions had a negative and insignificant impact on behavioral intention. However, there was sufficient evidence indicating that social influence, price value and habit had a statistically significant and positive influence on behavioral intention to adopt e-resources. Academic and managerial insights were drawn from this study and theoretical and practical recommendations in line with findings were suggested.
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE PROFILES OF ZIMBABWEAN STEM UNDERGRADUATE FRESHMEN AS INPUT TO ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION FOR STEM STU
(JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE, TECHNOLOGY & ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN AFRICA, 2018) Masunda, Makanzwa Mercy; Chitumba, Charles; Mushayavanhu, Tawanda Prosper; Simuka, Joshua
Impacts of using non automated technologies on the Business Performance of Zimbabwean metal recycling industries
(2022) Plaxedes Musademba; Joshua Simuka; Tafadzwa Zimucha
Sustainable technologies play an important role in businesses by reducing negative environmental effects, avoiding depletion of natural resources whilst ensuring productivity. Zimbabwe is importing metal steel products that could be produced locally if local foundries adopt the rightful technologies. Most of Zimbabwean metal recyclers are using manual methods in the recycling process. The study looked at the negative effects of using manual production systems on the business performance of the Zimbabwean metal recycling industries. Qualitative and quantitative data collection techniques were adopted through the use of questionnaires and survey interviews. The researcher collected quantitative data through a questionnaire.77 out of 109 distributed questionnaires were returned and filled correctly by production personnel in themetal recycling industry. This translated to 70% response rate. Semi-structured interviews were conducted for the purposes of gathering qualitative data. Quantitative data revealed that metal recyclers are facing challenges of reduction in processing speeds, reduction in operation profits, poor product quality and high risk of getting injured due to the use of manual production methods. The study revealed that Zimbabwean metal recyclers are facing many challenges which to a greater extent are caused by their operation methods.
A stakeholder founded business model for strategic management of innovation hubs: A case of Zimbabwe universities innovation hubs
(Journal of African Education (JAE), 2022-08) Simuka, Joshua; Chinakidzwa, More
The importance of innovation hubs and business models continues to grow yet research remains concentrated in developed countries. Although several researchers provide evidence of the importance of innovation hubs, very little of similar evidence exists in the area of business models and innovation hubs. Empirical evidence of the business model formulation for innovation hubs particularly from developing countries remains scarce. The purpose of this paper was to establish a stakeholder founded business model for the strategic management of innovation hubs in Zimbabwean universities. To achieve this, a positivist research philosophy was adopted. A survey of 120 respondents constituting heads of academic departments, final year students, and 156 entrepreneurs in the innovation hubs was used. Closed-ended questionnaire was distributed online. The data was analyzed statistically using SMARTPLS3 and PLS-SEM was conducted. Results of this study provides that communication channels, customer segments, cost structure and key partners significantly influence the stakeholder founded business model of an innovation hub. These results imply that universities must develop contextual innovation hub business models that increase the rate of commercializing innovations as well as technopreneurship activities. The study contributes to literature by extending the stakeholder founded business model and innovation hub discussion to the university environment in a developing country context. This was important because business model knowledge is contextual, as such cannot easily be transferred from one country to the other.
Digital transformation strategy for print newspapers: A Conceptual Framework
(Thoth Publishing House, 2023) Kudzanai Sharara,; Joshua Simuka; Tafadzwa Zimucha
The study examined the impact of migration to digital platforms as a source of news and information on Zimpapers’ Newspaper Division financial performance. The objectives were to assess factors that are influencing the migration to online news platforms away from print; to analyze the effect of digitalisation on revenue performance of Zimpapers’ Newspaper Division; to evaluate the effect of digitalisation on the cost efficiency of Zimpapers Newspaper Division; to examine the impact of digitalisation on Zimpapers Newspaper Division’s profitability. The main objective was, however, to develop a digital transformation framework for print newspapers that can be used to improve financial performance. The study was theoretically guided by the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Resource Based View (RBV) theory Pillars of Digital Transformation Framework, and the Planned Change Theory. The study adopted a pragmatism philosophy as well as employ a mixed approach to enable the testing of hypotheses and information probing. An explanatory survey design was employed to explain how digitalisation affects the financial performance of Zimpapers Newspaper Division. The study targeted Zimpapers employees and management. Questionnaires and structured interviews were the data instruments. Stratified random sampling was used to select the respondents for the questionnaire while for interviews purposive sampling method was used. Data was analysed through descriptive and inferential statistics generated from SPSS. Interviews were analysed qualitatively through thematic content analysis. Findings showed that there is need to develop a digital transformation strategy framework that includes retraining and upskilling of employees; investment in modern technologies and modern platforms in order to enhance the financial performance of Zimpapers' Newspaper Division. In other words, migration to online media platforms by readers and advertisers negatively impacted on Zimpapers Newspaper Division's financial performance. Preliminary findings are also showing that there is need to develop a framework that covers all aspects of the business from human capital, systems and products to enhance the financial performance of Zimpapers' Newspaper Division.
SOCIAL MEDIA TOOLS AND CUSTOMER VALUE COCREATION: A CASE OF ZIMBABWE STATE UNIVESITIES
(Thoth Publishing House, 2023) Ronald Nyamukuwa; Peter Mazuruse; Joshua Simuka
Social media has made an impact as a category of online discussion where organisations and people create content, share it and network at an increasing rate. Customer cocreation is a hot topic among universities, students and other stakeholders. The main aim of this dissertation was to establish the implications of social media technologies as tools for value cocreation in state universities in Zimbabwe. The study adopted the positivist philosophy and therefore made use of quantitative research design in answering research questions. Sixty selfadministered questionnaires for state universities were used for data collection. The data was analysed statistically using Statistical Package for Social Sciences and SmartPLS3. Results of this study indicate that customer value co-creation and stakeholder engagements statistically significantly influence use of social media by universities. These results imply that universities must embrace the use of social media to unlock value from the university activities. The study contributes to literature by extending the effect of social media discussion to the university environment. This was important as it brings in the importance of social networks in universities in the country. The study recommends state universities must be educated of the benefits of social media in customer engagement, digital interaction and co-creation. Future studies could focus on developing models to enhance maximum utilisation of social media in universities.Furthermore, the sample should also include students’ perceptions.
Effect of Industry Networks and Government Support in the Commercialisation of Research Outputs: A case of Zimbabwe State Universities
(Journal of African Education (JAE), 2023-04) Joshua Simuka
The main aim of the study was to ascertain the effect of industry networks and government support on the commercialisation of research outputs in Zimbabwe‘s state universities. The study adopted the positivist philosophy and therefore made use of quantitative research design in answering research questions. Self-administered questionnaires for state universities (167) were used as data collection tools. The data was analysed statistically using Smart PLS3.2.1. In order to address reliability and validity of the study, composite reliability, average variance Extracted and convergent validity tests were conducted. Furthermore, collinearity tests were conducted. The results of this study indicate that industry networks and government support statistically significantly influence the commercialization of research output. These results imply that universities must develop strategic partnerships so as to increase commercialisation of research outputs. The government must also provide research grants to enhance the research and development process, which results in commercialisable research outputs. The study contributes to the literature by extending the public-private partnerships and government influence discussion to the university environment in a developing country context. The study recommends educating state universities, the public, and private partners about partnership arrangements' benefits. Future studies could focus on developing strategies or frameworks for the formation of strategic industrial network.
Role of Technology to Improve the Effectiveness of University Canteen Systems
(Journal of Business and Econometrics Studies, 2024-04-02)
The university canteen system is an essential part of the campus environment, providing students and staff with a convenient and affordable source of food. However, many universities struggle to maintain efficient and effective canteen systems, leading to long queues, limited food options, and unsatisfactory service. The study seeks to identify the key challenges faced by traditional canteen systems in universities, to explore the potential benefits of using technology in university canteen systems, to analyse existing technologies used in university canteen systems and their effectiveness and to develop a framework that enhance the efficiency and user experience of university canteen systems. The study adopted a positivist research approach, making use of quantitative methods of data collection. The target population was university canteen managers and staff, university staff, and university students in Zimbabwe. In order to improve the performance of canteen systems, the project at hand provided a framework that uses technology to streamline operations, boost menu planning and customization, improve payment alternatives, and provide real-time feedback mechanisms to guarantee customer satisfaction. The study’s findings show that university canteens ought to concentrate on developing a framework based on innovation and technology that places a priority on innovations that boost financial performance, including cashless payment systems because they increase the effectiveness of canteen systems
Quantitative Analysis for Business
(HIT, 2025-05-21) HIT